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高壓反應釜的反應過程溫度優化控制發布日期:2022-06-14 瀏覽次數:

反(fan)(fan)應過(guo)(guo)程溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)反(fan)(fan)應過(guo)(guo)程操(cao)作中十分重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)環,也是(shi)相對復雜的(de)(de)(de)部分。溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)技術水(shui)平往往直接影響到產品的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)。控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果取決于溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方法(fa)。常(chang)見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)應溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分為(wei)升(sheng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、降溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)幾個(ge)階(jie)段(duan)(duan),或者(zhe)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)經歷多次升(sheng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、降溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)過(guo)(guo)程(取決于工(gong)藝(yi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求)。根據工(gong)藝(yi)的(de)(de)(de)不同夾套循(xun)環介質一(yi)般(ban)有(you)水(shui)、導熱(re)油、蒸汽(qi)、冷凍(dong)鹽水(shui)等。在升(sheng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求在最少能耗下或短時(shi)間(jian)內或按照一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)速度使反(fan)(fan)應溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度達到工(gong)藝(yi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度。如何判斷過(guo)(guo)渡切(qie)入點(即關升(sheng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)熱(re)水(shui)閥或蒸汽(qi)閥或導熱(re)油閥的(de)(de)(de)點),如何實(shi)現過(guo)(guo)渡到恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度波動小,需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)一(yi)些優(you)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)算法(fa)。過(guo)(guo)渡階(jie)段(duan)(duan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求時(shi)間(jian)短,并要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求平穩地(di)進(jin)入恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)段(duan)(duan);恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求反(fan)(fan)應溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在工(gong)藝(yi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)偏差范(fan)圍內。為(wei)了(le)實(shi)現這些溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)目(mu)標,需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)采用溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)優(you)化(hua)技術如溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度預(yu)測算法(fa)、過(guo)(guo)渡算法(fa)、恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)算法(fa)等,才能有(you)效(xiao)地(di)滿足(zu)各個(ge)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求。


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以下是某種(zhong)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)過程的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)技術(shu)是實例:該反(fan)(fan)應(ying)前期需(xu)要(yao)升溫(wen)(wen)、恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)時放(fang)熱(re)(re)(re)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)需(xu)要(yao)通夾套冷卻水(shui)(shui)降溫(wen)(wen)、后期需(xu)要(yao)降溫(wen)(wen)。各階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)控制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)描述:?升溫(wen)(wen)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)在升溫(wen)(wen)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan),熱(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)閥打開(kai),通過夾套循環(huan)將夾套熱(re)(re)(re)量傳(chuan)遞給反(fan)(fan)應(ying)釜(fu)內(nei),釜(fu)內(nei)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)逐(zhu)漸升高(gao),若釜(fu)內(nei)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)升的(de)(de)(de)(de)太高(gao)進入(ru)過渡(du)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan),則(ze)可能無法平穩過渡(du)到恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan),同時也增加了(le)升溫(wen)(wen)時間,浪(lang)費了(le)熱(re)(re)(re)能;若釜(fu)內(nei)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)升的(de)(de)(de)(de)太低進入(ru)過渡(du)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan),則(ze)可能需(xu)要(yao)較長時間才能達到恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)設定溫(wen)(wen)度(du),甚(shen)至需(xu)要(yao)二次升溫(wen)(wen),將會嚴重(zhong)影響(xiang)產品質量。因此尋找一個(ge)最(zui)優的(de)(de)(de)(de)關熱(re)(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)時刻(過渡(du)切入(ru)點(dian)),對升溫(wen)(wen)控制(zhi)(zhi)很重(zhong)要(yao)。采用溫(wen)(wen)度(du)預測算(suan)法,可以獲得最(zui)優的(de)(de)(de)(de)精確控制(zhi)(zhi)。

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溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)預測(ce)(ce)算(suan)(suan)法(fa)以(yi)設定(ding)釜(fu)(fu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)T0、釜(fu)(fu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)值(zhi)(zhi)T1、夾套(tao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)值(zhi)(zhi)T2=(T2+T3)/2三(san)者(zhe)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)參(can)數(shu),以(yi)夾套(tao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)變(bian)化率(lv)、釜(fu)(fu)內(nei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)變(bian)化率(lv)或(huo)者(zhe)反應(ying)釜(fu)(fu)傳熱(re)條件及熱(re)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)算(suan)(suan)法(fa)等為(wei)輔助(zhu)模塊,使(shi)得在(zai)最(zui)小(xiao)能(neng)(neng)耗下縮短升溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)時(shi)間(jian)。其簡單形式如(ru)(ru)下:T1≥T0-(T2-T0)×σ-K①其中(zhong)(zhong) K :補償系(xi)數(shu)σ:測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)系(xi)數(shu)?過(guo)渡階(jie)(jie)段(duan)進入(ru)過(guo)渡階(jie)(jie)段(duan),熱(re)水(shui)閥關閉,夾套(tao)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)冷水(shui)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)閥,將(jiang)多余的熱(re)量(liang)(liang)置(zhi)(zhi)換(huan)出去。在(zai)置(zhi)(zhi)換(huan)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)有可能(neng)(neng)出現:(1)夾套(tao)補充冷水(shui)太(tai)(tai)多,使(shi)得釜(fu)(fu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)遲(chi)(chi)遲(chi)(chi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)達到(dao)設定(ding)反應(ying)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du);(2)夾套(tao)補充冷水(shui)太(tai)(tai)少(shao),夾套(tao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)偏(pian)高,抑制(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)住(zhu)釜(fu)(fu)內(nei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)上(shang)(shang)升趨勢(shi),釜(fu)(fu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)超調(diao)(diao)導致恒溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)段(duan)釜(fu)(fu)內(nei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)波動(dong)太(tai)(tai)大,需要(yao)長時(shi)間(jian)的控制(zhi)調(diao)(diao)整。這些將(jiang)直接影響到(dao)裝置(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)效率(lv)和(he)產(chan)品質量(liang)(liang)。過(guo)渡給水(shui)采(cai)用離(li)散(san)(san)算(suan)(suan)法(fa),能(neng)(neng)有效控制(zhi)釜(fu)(fu)內(nei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)上(shang)(shang)升速(su)率(lv),達到(dao)迅(xun)速(su)平(ping)穩(wen)切入(ru)恒溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的目(mu)的。通(tong)(tong)過(guo)給夾套(tao)離(li)散(san)(san)補充冷卻水(shui),將(jiang)反應(ying)釜(fu)(fu)內(nei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)上(shang)(shang)升速(su)率(lv)控制(zhi)在(zai)一定(ding)范圍(wei)之內(nei),其補充水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(幅度(du)(du))與(yu)離(li)散(san)(san)周期時(shi)間(jian)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)由釜(fu)(fu)內(nei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)變(bian)化率(lv)與(yu)循(xun)環(huan)水(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)決定(ding)。在(zai)過(guo)渡算(suan)(suan)法(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)還(huan)引入(ru)了多級(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)機制(zhi)以(yi)避(bi)免夾套(tao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)降(jiang)得太(tai)(tai)低延長過(guo)渡時(shi)間(jian)或(huo)二(er)次升溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。?恒溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)波動(dong)是由于(yu)(yu)反應(ying)過(guo)程(cheng)放熱(re)量(liang)(liang)與(yu)帶(dai)走(zou)熱(re)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)引起的。當釜(fu)(fu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)上(shang)(shang)升時(shi),反應(ying)熱(re)就會(hui)迅(xun)速(su)增加,反過(guo)來(lai)又提高了反應(ying)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du),如(ru)(ru)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及時(shi)移走(zou)熱(re)量(liang)(liang),溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)迅(xun)速(su)升高即(ji)會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)產(chan)品報廢或(huo)安全(quan)問題;若某一隨機干擾使(shi)釜(fu)(fu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)下降(jiang)時(shi),如(ru)(ru)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及時(shi)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)循(xun)環(huan)量(liang)(liang),溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)會(hui)迅(xun)速(su)下降(jiang)即(ji)會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)反應(ying)速(su)度(du)(du)過(guo)慢或(huo)停(ting)止。由于(yu)(yu)在(zai)過(guo)渡階(jie)(jie)段(duan)采(cai)用離(li)散(san)(san)算(suan)(suan)法(fa)的特殊(shu)控制(zhi)手(shou)段(duan),保(bao)(bao)證了釜(fu)(fu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)能(neng)(neng)平(ping)穩(wen)地進入(ru)恒溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)。切入(ru)恒溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)后,在(zai)正常情況下將(jiang)設定(ding)釜(fu)(fu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(T0)作(zuo)為(wei)PID串級(ji)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)回路中(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)(zhu)環(huan)(PID1)設定(ding)值(zhi)(zhi),釜(fu)(fu)內(nei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(T1)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)環(huan)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)值(zhi)(zhi),夾套(tao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(T2)為(wei)副環(huan)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)值(zhi)(zhi)。

北京(jing)世紀森朗(lang),全自動反應(ying)(ying)(ying)釜(fu),加氫高壓反應(ying)(ying)(ying)釜(fu),自動化反應(ying)(ying)(ying)釜(fu),實驗反應(ying)(ying)(ying)裝置。