在(zai)(zai)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)能源轉型(xing),應(ying)對氣候變化和控制(zhi)碳排放,而煤(mei)(mei)炭現在(zai)(zai)仍(reng)然是我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)主要來源,其(qi)中(zhong)煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是清潔,高效的(de)(de)(de)煤(mei)(mei)炭利用方式,依(yi)然是我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)主力電(dian)(dian)(dian)源。煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是如何較大幅度地(di)降低CO2排放,在(zai)(zai)提高煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效率的(de)(de)(de)基礎上,大型(xing)燃煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)采用煤(mei)(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)+生(sheng)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)耦合(he)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術(shu)(shu),是當前可行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)降低碳排放的(de)(de)(de)措施(shi)。介紹了我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)生(sheng)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)源、生(sheng)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和燃煤(mei)(mei)耦合(he)生(sheng)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)現狀及前景、技(ji)術(shu)(shu)特(te)點和經(jing)驗、在(zai)(zai)大容量(liang)燃煤(mei)(mei)火電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)實現混燒生(sheng)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)途徑(jing)、以及燃煤(mei)(mei)耦合(he)生(sheng)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)經(jing)驗,在(zai)(zai)此(ci)基礎上,提出對我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)如何發(fa)(fa)展燃煤(mei)(mei)耦合(he)生(sheng)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)建議。
(1)燃煤(mei)耦合生(sheng)物質(zhi)(zhi)發電(dian)可充分利用現(xian)有燃煤(mei)電(dian)廠原有的(de)設施和系(xi)統,包(bao)括鍋(guo)爐、汽輪機及輔(fu)助系(xi)統來實現(xian)生(sheng)物質(zhi)(zhi)發電(dian),而僅需新增生(sheng)物質(zhi)(zhi)燃料處(chu)理系(xi)統,并對鍋(guo)爐燃燒器進行部分改動,因(yin)此初投資低。
(2)燃煤耦(ou)合生物(wu)質(zhi)發電項(xiang)目(mu)一般不(bu)需要在電廠圍墻之外新增(zeng)占(zhan)(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di),純燒生物(wu)質(zhi)發電項(xiang)目(mu)則(ze)需要新征用地(di)(di)(di)(di)。舉例(li)來說,對于(yu)2×1.5萬(wan) kW純燒生物(wu)質(zhi)機組(zu)的占(zhan)(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面積約6.8萬(wan) m2,按(an)此(ci)計算,則(ze)前述的1.8億(yi) kW機組(zu)若全部采用純燒生物(wu)質(zhi)機組(zu),占(zhan)(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面積將高達(da)4億(yi) m2。
(3)可充分利用原有燃煤電(dian)廠已經存在的(de)供電(dian)和供熱(re)市場。
(4)純(chun)燒生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)電(dian)項目,機組能否(fou)持(chi)續運行取決于生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)的(de)供應情況,而燃(ran)(ran)(ran)煤耦合生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)電(dian)機組的(de)運行則不依賴于生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)的(de)供應,因而生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)混(hun)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)方式(shi)在生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)收集市場具有更強的(de)議價能力。由(you)此(ci)可(ke)見,燃(ran)(ran)(ran)煤耦合生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)電(dian)可(ke)降低生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)供應風險的(de)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)靈活性,和(he)純(chun)燒生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)電(dian)相比(bi),混(hun)燒生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)電(dian)的(de)投(tou)資和(he)運行費用(yong)低。
(5)燃煤(mei)耦合生(sheng)物(wu)質(zhi)發電可(ke)充分利用燃煤(mei)電廠(chang)(chang)大容量(liang)、高(gao)(gao)蒸汽參數達到高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)率的(de)優點,可(ke)在(zai)更(geng)大容量(liang)水平上使生(sheng)物(wu)質(zhi)發電的(de)效(xiao)率可(ke)達到今天(tian)燃煤(mei)電廠(chang)(chang)能夠達到的(de)高(gao)(gao)水平。因此(ci),混燒生(sheng)物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)電廠(chang)(chang)實際不受鍋爐(lu)容量(liang)和(he)蒸汽參數限制的(de)。